Back to Course|6 hours|Intermediate

Automation Testing Fundamentals

Master test automation fundamentals and Selenium WebDriver.

Progress: 0/5 topics completed0%

Select Topics Overview

Introduction to Test Automation

Understand the fundamentals of test automation and when to use it

Content by: Paras Dadhania

Software Testing & QA Specialist

Connect

What is Test Automation?

Test automation is the use of software tools to execute tests automatically, compare actual results with expected results, and report the outcomes. It helps reduce manual effort and increases test coverage.

Benefits of Test Automation

•Faster execution: Tests run much faster than manual testing
•Consistency: Eliminates human errors in repetitive tasks
•Reusability: Test scripts can be reused across different builds
•Coverage: Can run tests 24/7 without human intervention
•Cost-effective: Reduces long-term testing costs
•Reliability: Provides consistent and reliable results

When to Automate Tests

Code Example

// Good candidates for automation
const automationCriteria = {
    "Repeatable Tests": [
        "Regression tests",
        "Smoke tests",
        "Sanity tests",
        "Performance tests"
    ],
    "High Volume Tests": [
        "Load testing",
        "Stress testing",
        "Data validation tests",
        "API tests"
    ],
    "Critical Path Tests": [
        "Login functionality",
        "Payment processing",
        "User registration",
        "Core business logic"
    ]
};

// Tests NOT suitable for automation
const manualTestCases = [
    "Usability testing",
    "Exploratory testing",
    "Ad-hoc testing",
    "One-time tests",
    "Tests requiring human judgment"
];

Swipe to see more code

// Good candidates for automation
const automationCriteria = {
    "Repeatable Tests": [
        "Regression tests",
        "Smoke tests",
        "Sanity tests",
        "Performance tests"
    ],
    "High Volume Tests": [
        "Load testing",
        "Stress testing",
        "Data validation tests",
        "API tests"
    ],
    "Critical Path Tests": [
        "Login functionality",
        "Payment processing",
        "User registration",
        "Core business logic"
    ]
};

// Tests NOT suitable for automation
const manualTestCases = [
    "Usability testing",
    "Exploratory testing",
    "Ad-hoc testing",
    "One-time tests",
    "Tests requiring human judgment"
];

Scroll

🎯 Practice Exercise

Test your understanding of this topic:

I understand the basic concepts covered in this topicI can apply the concepts in practical scenariosI'm ready to move to the next topic

Selenium WebDriver Basics

Learn Selenium WebDriver fundamentals for web application testing

Content by: Yash Sanghavi

Software Testing & QA Specialist

Connect

Selenium WebDriver Setup

Code Example

// Maven Dependencies
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
        <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
        <version>4.15.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
        <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
        <version>7.8.0</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

// Basic WebDriver Setup
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;

public class WebDriverSetup {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Set Chrome driver path
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");
        
        // Chrome options
        ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
        options.addArguments("--start-maximized");
        options.addArguments("--disable-notifications");
        
        // Initialize WebDriver
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
        
        // Navigate to website
        driver.get("https://example.com");
        
        // Close browser
        driver.quit();
    }
}

Swipe to see more code

// Maven Dependencies
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
        <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
        <version>4.15.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
        <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
        <version>7.8.0</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

// Basic WebDriver Setup
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;

public class WebDriverSetup {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Set Chrome driver path
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");
        
        // Chrome options
        ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
        options.addArguments("--start-maximized");
        options.addArguments("--disable-notifications");
        
        // Initialize WebDriver
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
        
        // Navigate to website
        driver.get("https://example.com");
        
        // Close browser
        driver.quit();
    }
}

Scroll

WebDriver Commands

Code Example

// Navigation Commands
driver.get("https://example.com");           // Navigate to URL
driver.navigate().to("https://google.com");  // Navigate to URL
driver.navigate().back();                    // Go back
driver.navigate().forward();                 // Go forward
driver.navigate().refresh();                 // Refresh page

// Window Commands
driver.manage().window().maximize();         // Maximize window
driver.manage().window().minimize();         // Minimize window
driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(800, 600)); // Set size

// Page Commands
String title = driver.getTitle();            // Get page title
String url = driver.getCurrentUrl();         // Get current URL
String pageSource = driver.getPageSource();  // Get page source

// Element Finding
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("username"));
WebElement element2 = driver.findElement(By.className("btn"));
WebElement element3 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='email']"));

// Element Actions
element.click();                             // Click element
element.sendKeys("text");                    // Type text
element.clear();                             // Clear text
element.getText();                           // Get text
element.isDisplayed();                       // Check if displayed
element.isEnabled();                         // Check if enabled

Swipe to see more code

// Navigation Commands
driver.get("https://example.com");           // Navigate to URL
driver.navigate().to("https://google.com");  // Navigate to URL
driver.navigate().back();                    // Go back
driver.navigate().forward();                 // Go forward
driver.navigate().refresh();                 // Refresh page

// Window Commands
driver.manage().window().maximize();         // Maximize window
driver.manage().window().minimize();         // Minimize window
driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(800, 600)); // Set size

// Page Commands
String title = driver.getTitle();            // Get page title
String url = driver.getCurrentUrl();         // Get current URL
String pageSource = driver.getPageSource();  // Get page source

// Element Finding
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("username"));
WebElement element2 = driver.findElement(By.className("btn"));
WebElement element3 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='email']"));

// Element Actions
element.click();                             // Click element
element.sendKeys("text");                    // Type text
element.clear();                             // Clear text
element.getText();                           // Get text
element.isDisplayed();                       // Check if displayed
element.isEnabled();                         // Check if enabled

Scroll

🎯 Practice Exercise

Test your understanding of this topic:

I understand the basic concepts covered in this topicI can apply the concepts in practical scenariosI'm ready to move to the next topic

Test Automation Framework Design

Learn how to design robust and maintainable test automation frameworks

Content by: Paras Dadhania

Software Testing & QA Specialist

Connect

Framework Components

•Test Data Management: External data sources
•Page Object Model: Encapsulate page elements
•Utility Classes: Reusable helper methods
•Configuration Management: Environment settings
•Reporting: Test execution reports
•Logging: Detailed execution logs

Framework Structure

Code Example

// Project Structure
src/
├── main/
│   ├── java/
│   │   ├── pages/           // Page Object classes
│   │   ├── utils/           // Utility classes
│   │   ├── config/          // Configuration
│   │   └── drivers/         // WebDriver setup
│   └── resources/
│       ├── testdata/        // Test data files
│       └── config/          // Property files
└── test/
    ├── java/
    │   ├── tests/           // Test classes
    │   └── listeners/       // Test listeners
    └── resources/
        └── testng.xml       // TestNG configuration

// Base Test Class
public class BaseTest {
    protected WebDriver driver;
    protected Properties config;
    
    @BeforeMethod
    public void setUp() {
        config = ConfigManager.loadConfig();
        driver = WebDriverManager.getDriver(config.getProperty("browser"));
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }
    
    @AfterMethod
    public void tearDown() {
        if (driver != null) {
            driver.quit();
        }
    }
}

// Configuration Manager
public class ConfigManager {
    private static Properties config;
    
    public static Properties loadConfig() {
        if (config == null) {
            config = new Properties();
            try {
                FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("src/main/resources/config/config.properties");
                config.load(fis);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return config;
    }
}

Swipe to see more code

// Project Structure
src/
├── main/
│   ├── java/
│   │   ├── pages/           // Page Object classes
│   │   ├── utils/           // Utility classes
│   │   ├── config/          // Configuration
│   │   └── drivers/         // WebDriver setup
│   └── resources/
│       ├── testdata/        // Test data files
│       └── config/          // Property files
└── test/
    ├── java/
    │   ├── tests/           // Test classes
    │   └── listeners/       // Test listeners
    └── resources/
        └── testng.xml       // TestNG configuration

// Base Test Class
public class BaseTest {
    protected WebDriver driver;
    protected Properties config;
    
    @BeforeMethod
    public void setUp() {
        config = ConfigManager.loadConfig();
        driver = WebDriverManager.getDriver(config.getProperty("browser"));
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }
    
    @AfterMethod
    public void tearDown() {
        if (driver != null) {
            driver.quit();
        }
    }
}

// Configuration Manager
public class ConfigManager {
    private static Properties config;
    
    public static Properties loadConfig() {
        if (config == null) {
            config = new Properties();
            try {
                FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("src/main/resources/config/config.properties");
                config.load(fis);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return config;
    }
}

Scroll

🎯 Practice Exercise

Test your understanding of this topic:

I understand the basic concepts covered in this topicI can apply the concepts in practical scenariosI'm ready to move to the next topic

Page Object Model (POM)

Master Page Object Model pattern for maintainable and reusable test automation

Content by: Yash Sanghavi

Software Testing & QA Specialist

Connect

Page Object Model Benefits

•Maintainability: Centralized element management
•Reusability: Page objects can be reused across tests
•Readability: Tests become more readable and clear
•Scalability: Easy to add new pages and elements
•Separation of Concerns: UI changes don't affect test logic

Page Object Implementation

Code Example

// Login Page Object
public class LoginPage {
    private WebDriver driver;
    
    // Page Elements
    @FindBy(id = "username")
    private WebElement usernameField;
    
    @FindBy(id = "password")
    private WebElement passwordField;
    
    @FindBy(id = "loginButton")
    private WebElement loginButton;
    
    @FindBy(className = "error-message")
    private WebElement errorMessage;
    
    // Constructor
    public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
        PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
    }
    
    // Page Actions
    public void enterUsername(String username) {
        usernameField.clear();
        usernameField.sendKeys(username);
    }
    
    public void enterPassword(String password) {
        passwordField.clear();
        passwordField.sendKeys(password);
    }
    
    public void clickLoginButton() {
        loginButton.click();
    }
    
    public DashboardPage login(String username, String password) {
        enterUsername(username);
        enterPassword(password);
        clickLoginButton();
        return new DashboardPage(driver);
    }
    
    public String getErrorMessage() {
        return errorMessage.getText();
    }
    
    public boolean isErrorMessageDisplayed() {
        return errorMessage.isDisplayed();
    }
}

// Dashboard Page Object
public class DashboardPage {
    private WebDriver driver;
    
    @FindBy(className = "welcome-message")
    private WebElement welcomeMessage;
    
    @FindBy(linkText = "Logout")
    private WebElement logoutLink;
    
    public DashboardPage(WebDriver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
        PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
    }
    
    public String getWelcomeMessage() {
        return welcomeMessage.getText();
    }
    
    public LoginPage logout() {
        logoutLink.click();
        return new LoginPage(driver);
    }
}

// Test Class using Page Objects
public class LoginTest extends BaseTest {
    
    @Test
    public void testValidLogin() {
        LoginPage loginPage = new LoginPage(driver);
        DashboardPage dashboardPage = loginPage.login("testuser", "password123");
        
        Assert.assertTrue(dashboardPage.getWelcomeMessage().contains("Welcome"));
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testInvalidLogin() {
        LoginPage loginPage = new LoginPage(driver);
        loginPage.enterUsername("invaliduser");
        loginPage.enterPassword("wrongpassword");
        loginPage.clickLoginButton();
        
        Assert.assertTrue(loginPage.isErrorMessageDisplayed());
        Assert.assertEquals(loginPage.getErrorMessage(), "Invalid credentials");
    }
}

Swipe to see more code

// Login Page Object
public class LoginPage {
    private WebDriver driver;
    
    // Page Elements
    @FindBy(id = "username")
    private WebElement usernameField;
    
    @FindBy(id = "password")
    private WebElement passwordField;
    
    @FindBy(id = "loginButton")
    private WebElement loginButton;
    
    @FindBy(className = "error-message")
    private WebElement errorMessage;
    
    // Constructor
    public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
        PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
    }
    
    // Page Actions
    public void enterUsername(String username) {
        usernameField.clear();
        usernameField.sendKeys(username);
    }
    
    public void enterPassword(String password) {
        passwordField.clear();
        passwordField.sendKeys(password);
    }
    
    public void clickLoginButton() {
        loginButton.click();
    }
    
    public DashboardPage login(String username, String password) {
        enterUsername(username);
        enterPassword(password);
        clickLoginButton();
        return new DashboardPage(driver);
    }
    
    public String getErrorMessage() {
        return errorMessage.getText();
    }
    
    public boolean isErrorMessageDisplayed() {
        return errorMessage.isDisplayed();
    }
}

// Dashboard Page Object
public class DashboardPage {
    private WebDriver driver;
    
    @FindBy(className = "welcome-message")
    private WebElement welcomeMessage;
    
    @FindBy(linkText = "Logout")
    private WebElement logoutLink;
    
    public DashboardPage(WebDriver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
        PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
    }
    
    public String getWelcomeMessage() {
        return welcomeMessage.getText();
    }
    
    public LoginPage logout() {
        logoutLink.click();
        return new LoginPage(driver);
    }
}

// Test Class using Page Objects
public class LoginTest extends BaseTest {
    
    @Test
    public void testValidLogin() {
        LoginPage loginPage = new LoginPage(driver);
        DashboardPage dashboardPage = loginPage.login("testuser", "password123");
        
        Assert.assertTrue(dashboardPage.getWelcomeMessage().contains("Welcome"));
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testInvalidLogin() {
        LoginPage loginPage = new LoginPage(driver);
        loginPage.enterUsername("invaliduser");
        loginPage.enterPassword("wrongpassword");
        loginPage.clickLoginButton();
        
        Assert.assertTrue(loginPage.isErrorMessageDisplayed());
        Assert.assertEquals(loginPage.getErrorMessage(), "Invalid credentials");
    }
}

Scroll

🎯 Practice Exercise

Test your understanding of this topic:

I understand the basic concepts covered in this topicI can apply the concepts in practical scenariosI'm ready to move to the next topic

Data-Driven Testing

Learn data-driven testing techniques to test with multiple data sets

Content by: Paras Dadhania

Software Testing & QA Specialist

Connect

Data-Driven Testing Benefits

•Multiple Test Scenarios: Test with various data sets
•Maintainability: Data changes don't require code changes
•Coverage: Test more scenarios with less code
•Reusability: Same test logic with different data
•Scalability: Easy to add new test data

Data-Driven Testing Implementation

Code Example

// Test Data Provider
@DataProvider(name = "loginData")
public Object[][] getLoginData() {
    return new Object[][] {
        {"validuser", "validpass", true, "Login successful"},
        {"invaliduser", "validpass", false, "Invalid username"},
        {"validuser", "invalidpass", false, "Invalid password"},
        {"", "validpass", false, "Username required"},
        {"validuser", "", false, "Password required"}
    };
}

// CSV Data Provider
@DataProvider(name = "csvData")
public Object[][] getCSVData() throws IOException {
    List<Object[]> data = new ArrayList<>();
    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("src/test/resources/testdata/login_data.csv"));
    String line;
    while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
        String[] values = line.split(",");
        data.add(new Object[]{values[0], values[1], Boolean.parseBoolean(values[2]), values[3]});
    }
    reader.close();
    return data.toArray(new Object[0][]);
}

// Excel Data Provider
@DataProvider(name = "excelData")
public Object[][] getExcelData() throws IOException {
    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("src/test/resources/testdata/test_data.xlsx");
    XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(fis);
    XSSFSheet sheet = workbook.getSheet("LoginData");
    
    int rowCount = sheet.getLastRowNum();
    int colCount = sheet.getRow(0).getLastCellNum();
    
    Object[][] data = new Object[rowCount][colCount];
    
    for (int i = 1; i <= rowCount; i++) {
        XSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i);
        for (int j = 0; j < colCount; j++) {
            data[i-1][j] = row.getCell(j).getStringCellValue();
        }
    }
    
    workbook.close();
    fis.close();
    return data;
}

// Test with Data Provider
@Test(dataProvider = "loginData")
public void testLoginWithData(String username, String password, boolean expectedResult, String expectedMessage) {
    LoginPage loginPage = new LoginPage(driver);
    loginPage.enterUsername(username);
    loginPage.enterPassword(password);
    loginPage.clickLoginButton();
    
    if (expectedResult) {
        DashboardPage dashboardPage = new DashboardPage(driver);
        Assert.assertTrue(dashboardPage.getWelcomeMessage().contains("Welcome"));
    } else {
        Assert.assertTrue(loginPage.isErrorMessageDisplayed());
        Assert.assertEquals(loginPage.getErrorMessage(), expectedMessage);
    }
}

// JSON Data Provider
@DataProvider(name = "jsonData")
public Object[][] getJSONData() throws IOException {
    ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
    JsonNode jsonNode = mapper.readTree(new File("src/test/resources/testdata/test_data.json"));
    
    List<Object[]> data = new ArrayList<>();
    for (JsonNode node : jsonNode) {
        data.add(new Object[]{
            node.get("username").asText(),
            node.get("password").asText(),
            node.get("expectedResult").asBoolean(),
            node.get("expectedMessage").asText()
        });
    }
    
    return data.toArray(new Object[0][]);
}

Swipe to see more code

// Test Data Provider
@DataProvider(name = "loginData")
public Object[][] getLoginData() {
    return new Object[][] {
        {"validuser", "validpass", true, "Login successful"},
        {"invaliduser", "validpass", false, "Invalid username"},
        {"validuser", "invalidpass", false, "Invalid password"},
        {"", "validpass", false, "Username required"},
        {"validuser", "", false, "Password required"}
    };
}

// CSV Data Provider
@DataProvider(name = "csvData")
public Object[][] getCSVData() throws IOException {
    List<Object[]> data = new ArrayList<>();
    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("src/test/resources/testdata/login_data.csv"));
    String line;
    while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
        String[] values = line.split(",");
        data.add(new Object[]{values[0], values[1], Boolean.parseBoolean(values[2]), values[3]});
    }
    reader.close();
    return data.toArray(new Object[0][]);
}

// Excel Data Provider
@DataProvider(name = "excelData")
public Object[][] getExcelData() throws IOException {
    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("src/test/resources/testdata/test_data.xlsx");
    XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(fis);
    XSSFSheet sheet = workbook.getSheet("LoginData");
    
    int rowCount = sheet.getLastRowNum();
    int colCount = sheet.getRow(0).getLastCellNum();
    
    Object[][] data = new Object[rowCount][colCount];
    
    for (int i = 1; i <= rowCount; i++) {
        XSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i);
        for (int j = 0; j < colCount; j++) {
            data[i-1][j] = row.getCell(j).getStringCellValue();
        }
    }
    
    workbook.close();
    fis.close();
    return data;
}

// Test with Data Provider
@Test(dataProvider = "loginData")
public void testLoginWithData(String username, String password, boolean expectedResult, String expectedMessage) {
    LoginPage loginPage = new LoginPage(driver);
    loginPage.enterUsername(username);
    loginPage.enterPassword(password);
    loginPage.clickLoginButton();
    
    if (expectedResult) {
        DashboardPage dashboardPage = new DashboardPage(driver);
        Assert.assertTrue(dashboardPage.getWelcomeMessage().contains("Welcome"));
    } else {
        Assert.assertTrue(loginPage.isErrorMessageDisplayed());
        Assert.assertEquals(loginPage.getErrorMessage(), expectedMessage);
    }
}

// JSON Data Provider
@DataProvider(name = "jsonData")
public Object[][] getJSONData() throws IOException {
    ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
    JsonNode jsonNode = mapper.readTree(new File("src/test/resources/testdata/test_data.json"));
    
    List<Object[]> data = new ArrayList<>();
    for (JsonNode node : jsonNode) {
        data.add(new Object[]{
            node.get("username").asText(),
            node.get("password").asText(),
            node.get("expectedResult").asBoolean(),
            node.get("expectedMessage").asText()
        });
    }
    
    return data.toArray(new Object[0][]);
}

Scroll

🎯 Practice Exercise

Test your understanding of this topic:

I understand the basic concepts covered in this topicI can apply the concepts in practical scenariosI'm ready to move to the next topic

Previous Module

Module 3: Test Management & Documentation

Next Module

Module 5: API Testing & Web Services

Ready for the Next Module?

Continue your learning journey and master the next set of concepts.

Continue to Module 5

Module 4: Automation Testing Fundamentals

Automation Testing Fundamentals

Select Topics Overview

Introduction to Test Automation

Selenium WebDriver Basics

Test Automation Framework Design

Page Object Model (POM)

Data-Driven Testing

Introduction to Test Automation

Selenium WebDriver Basics

Test Automation Framework Design

Page Object Model (POM)

Data-Driven Testing

Introduction to Test Automation

What is Test Automation?

Benefits of Test Automation

When to Automate Tests

🎯 Practice Exercise

Selenium WebDriver Basics

Selenium WebDriver Setup

WebDriver Commands

🎯 Practice Exercise

Test Automation Framework Design

Framework Components

Framework Structure

🎯 Practice Exercise

Page Object Model (POM)

Page Object Model Benefits

Page Object Implementation

🎯 Practice Exercise

Data-Driven Testing

Data-Driven Testing Benefits

Data-Driven Testing Implementation

🎯 Practice Exercise

Module 3: Test Management & Documentation

Module 5: API Testing & Web Services

Ready for the Next Module?