Redis Caching - Cache-Aside Pattern

import Redis from 'ioredis';
import { prisma } from './prismaClient';

const redis = new Redis(process.env.REDIS_URL ?? 'redis://localhost:6379', {
  maxRetriesPerRequest: 3,
  lazyConnect: true,
  enableReadyCheck: true,
});

// ━━ Generic cache wrapper ━━
class CacheService {
  constructor(private readonly redis: Redis, private readonly defaultTTL = 3600) {}

  async get<T>(key: string): Promise<T | null> {
    const data = await this.redis.get(key);
    if (!data) return null;
    return JSON.parse(data) as T;
  }

  async set(key: string, value: unknown, ttl = this.defaultTTL): Promise<void> {
    await this.redis.setex(key, ttl, JSON.stringify(value));
  }

  async del(...keys: string[]): Promise<void> {
    if (keys.length > 0) await this.redis.del(...keys);
  }

  async delPattern(pattern: string): Promise<void> {
    // Delete all keys matching a pattern e.g. 'products:*'
    const keys = await this.redis.keys(pattern);
    if (keys.length > 0) await this.redis.del(...keys);
  }

  // Tag-based invalidation: group related keys under a tag
  async invalidateTag(tag: string): Promise<void> {
    const tagKey = `tag:${tag}`;
    const keys = await this.redis.smembers(tagKey);
    if (keys.length > 0) await this.redis.del(...keys);
    await this.redis.del(tagKey);
  }

  async setWithTag(key: string, value: unknown, tag: string, ttl = this.defaultTTL): Promise<void> {
    const pipeline = this.redis.pipeline();
    pipeline.setex(key, ttl, JSON.stringify(value));
    pipeline.sadd(`tag:${tag}`, key);      // register key under tag
    pipeline.expire(`tag:${tag}`, ttl);   // tag set also expires
    await pipeline.exec();
  }
}

export const cache = new CacheService(redis);

// ━━ Cache-aside pattern in ProductService ━━
export class ProductService {
  private readonly CACHE_TTL = 300; // 5 minutes

  async getProduct(id: string) {
    const cacheKey = `product:${id}`;

    // 1. Check cache
    const cached = await cache.get<Product>(cacheKey);
    if (cached) return cached; // cache hit - return immediately

    // 2. Cache miss - fetch from database
    const product = await prisma.product.findUnique({
      where: { id },
      include: { category: true },
    });

    if (!product) return null;

    // 3. Populate cache
    await cache.set(cacheKey, product, this.CACHE_TTL);
    return product;
  }

  async updateProduct(id: string, data: Partial<Product>): Promise<Product> {
    const updated = await prisma.product.update({ where: { id }, data });

    // Invalidate: this product AND the list (might show stale data)
    await cache.del(`product:${id}`);
    await cache.delPattern('products:list:*'); // all paginated list caches

    return updated;
  }

  async listProducts(page: number, limit: number) {
    const cacheKey = `products:list:${page}:${limit}`;
    const cached = await cache.get(cacheKey);
    if (cached) return cached;

    const [products, total] = await Promise.all([
      prisma.product.findMany({ skip: (page - 1) * limit, take: limit, orderBy: { createdAt: 'desc' } }),
      prisma.product.count(),
    ]);

    const result = { products, total, page, totalPages: Math.ceil(total / limit) };
    await cache.set(cacheKey, result, 60); // 1 minute for list pages
    return result;
  }
}

interface Product { id: string; name: string; price: number; }