Module 11: DevOps & Deployment

Master DevOps practices and deployment strategies including Docker containerization, CI/CD pipelines, cloud deployment, and monitoring for Node.js applications.

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DevOps & Deployment

Master DevOps practices and deployment strategies including Docker containerization, CI/CD pipelines, cloud deployment, and monitoring for Node.js applications.

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Docker Containerization

Learn Docker containerization for Node.js applications including multi-stage builds, optimization, and best practices.

Content by: Praveen Kumar

MERN Stack Developer

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Docker Fundamentals

Docker allows you to package applications and their dependencies into lightweight, portable containers that can run consistently across different environments.

Basic Dockerfile

Code Example
# Basic Dockerfile for Node.js
FROM node:18-alpine

# Set working directory
WORKDIR /app

# Copy package files
COPY package*.json ./

# Install dependencies
RUN npm ci --only=production

# Copy application code
COPY . .

# Expose port
EXPOSE 3000

# Start application
CMD ["npm", "start"]
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Multi-stage Build

Code Example
# Multi-stage Dockerfile for optimization
# Build stage
FROM node:18-alpine AS builder

WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci

COPY . .
RUN npm run build

# Production stage
FROM node:18-alpine AS production

# Create non-root user
RUN addgroup -g 1001 -S nodejs
RUN adduser -S nextjs -u 1001

WORKDIR /app

# Copy built application
COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/dist ./dist
COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/package*.json ./

USER nextjs

EXPOSE 3000

CMD ["node", "dist/index.js"]
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Docker Compose

Code Example
# docker-compose.yml for full stack application
version: '3.8'

services:
  app:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - DATABASE_URL=postgresql://user:password@db:5432/myapp
      - REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379
    depends_on:
      - db
      - redis
    volumes:
      - ./logs:/app/logs
    restart: unless-stopped

  db:
    image: postgres:15-alpine
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_DB=myapp
      - POSTGRES_USER=user
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=password
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"
    restart: unless-stopped

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
    volumes:
      - redis_data:/data
    restart: unless-stopped

  nginx:
    image: nginx:alpine
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    volumes:
      - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    depends_on:
      - app
    restart: unless-stopped

volumes:
  postgres_data:
  redis_data:
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Docker Best Practices

  • •Use multi-stage builds to reduce image size
  • •Use .dockerignore to exclude unnecessary files
  • •Run as non-root user for security
  • •Use specific base image tags
  • •Minimize layers and combine RUN commands
  • •Use health checks for container monitoring

Mini-Project: Production Docker Setup

Code Example
# Complete production Docker setup
# Dockerfile
FROM node:18-alpine AS base

# Install dependencies only when needed
FROM base AS deps
RUN apk add --no-cache libc6-compat
WORKDIR /app

COPY package.json package-lock.json* ./
RUN npm ci --only=production

# Rebuild the source code only when needed
FROM base AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=deps /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY . .

# Build the application
RUN npm run build

# Production image, copy all the files and run next
FROM base AS runner
WORKDIR /app

ENV NODE_ENV production

RUN addgroup --system --gid 1001 nodejs
RUN adduser --system --uid 1001 nextjs

COPY --from=builder /app/public ./public
COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/.next/standalone ./
COPY --from=builder --chown=nextjs:nodejs /app/.next/static ./.next/static

USER nextjs

EXPOSE 3000

ENV PORT 3000
ENV HOSTNAME "0.0.0.0"

CMD ["node", "server.js"]

# .dockerignore
node_modules
npm-debug.log
.next
.git
.env.local
.env.development.local
.env.test.local
.env.production.local
README.md
Dockerfile
.dockerignore

# docker-compose.prod.yml
version: '3.8'

services:
  app:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - DATABASE_URL=postgresql://user:password@db:5432/myapp
    depends_on:
      - db
    restart: unless-stopped
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:3000/health"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 3

  db:
    image: postgres:15-alpine
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_DB=myapp
      - POSTGRES_USER=user
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=password
    volumes:
      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    restart: unless-stopped

volumes:
  postgres_data:
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🎯 Practice Exercise

Test your understanding of this topic:

Previous Module

Module 10: Microservices & Architecture

Next Module

Module 12: Advanced Node.js Patterns

Additional Resources

📚 Recommended Reading

  • •Docker Best Practices Guide
  • •CI/CD Pipeline Design
  • •Cloud Deployment Strategies
  • •Monitoring and Observability

🌐 Online Resources

  • •Docker Tutorial for Node.js
  • •GitHub Actions Guide
  • •AWS Deployment Tutorial
  • •Prometheus and Grafana Setup

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