Kubernetes Orchestration

Learn container orchestration with Docker Compose and Kubernetes for managing microservices deployments.

90 min•By Priygop Team•Last updated: Feb 2026

Docker Compose for Microservices

Docker Compose allows you to define and run multi-container Docker applications, perfect for local microservices development.

Docker Compose Configuration

Example

# docker-compose.yml
version: '3.8'

services:
  # API Gateway
  api-gateway:
    build: ./api-gateway
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - USER_SERVICE_URL=http://user-service:3001
      - PRODUCT_SERVICE_URL=http://product-service:3002
      - ORDER_SERVICE_URL=http://order-service:3003
    depends_on:
      - user-service
      - product-service
      - order-service
    networks:
      - microservices

  # User Service
  user-service:
    build: ./user-service
    ports:
      - "3001:3001"
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - MONGODB_URL=mongodb://mongo:27017/users
    depends_on:
      - mongo
    networks:
      - microservices

  # Product Service
  product-service:
    build: ./product-service
    ports:
      - "3002:3002"
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - MONGODB_URL=mongodb://mongo:27017/products
    depends_on:
      - mongo
    networks:
      - microservices

  # Order Service
  order-service:
    build: ./order-service
    ports:
      - "3003:3003"
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - MONGODB_URL=mongodb://mongo:27017/orders
      - RABBITMQ_URL=amqp://rabbitmq:5672
    depends_on:
      - mongo
      - rabbitmq
    networks:
      - microservices

  # Database
  mongo:
    image: mongo:5.0
    ports:
      - "27017:27017"
    volumes:
      - mongo_data:/data/db
    networks:
      - microservices

  # Message Queue
  rabbitmq:
    image: rabbitmq:3-management
    ports:
      - "5672:5672"
      - "15672:15672"
    environment:
      - RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=admin
      - RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=admin
    volumes:
      - rabbitmq_data:/var/lib/rabbitmq
    networks:
      - microservices

  # Redis for caching
  redis:
    image: redis:6-alpine
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
    volumes:
      - redis_data:/data
    networks:
      - microservices

volumes:
  mongo_data:
  rabbitmq_data:
  redis_data:

networks:
  microservices:
    driver: bridge

Kubernetes Deployment

Example

# user-service-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: user-service
  labels:
    app: user-service
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: user-service
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: user-service
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: user-service
        image: user-service:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3001
        env:
        - name: NODE_ENV
          value: "production"
        - name: MONGODB_URL
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: mongodb-secret
              key: url
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "256Mi"
            cpu: "250m"
          limits:
            memory: "512Mi"
            cpu: "500m"
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 3001
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          periodSeconds: 10
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 3001
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          periodSeconds: 5

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: user-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: user-service
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
    port: 80
    targetPort: 3001
  type: ClusterIP

Service Mesh with Istio

Example

# istio-gateway.yaml
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: microservices-gateway
spec:
  selector:
    istio: ingressgateway
  servers:
  - port:
      number: 80
      name: http
      protocol: HTTP
    hosts:
    - "microservices.local"

---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: microservices-routes
spec:
  hosts:
  - "microservices.local"
  gateways:
  - microservices-gateway
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/users
    route:
    - destination:
        host: user-service
        port:
          number: 80
  - match:
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: product-service
        port:
          number: 80

Monitoring & Observability

Example

# prometheus-config.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-config
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    global:
      scrape_interval: 15s
    scrape_configs:
    - job_name: 'microservices'
      static_configs:
      - targets: ['user-service:3001', 'product-service:3002', 'order-service:3003']
      metrics_path: /metrics
      scrape_interval: 5s

Mini-Project: Complete Kubernetes Setup

Example

# Complete Kubernetes deployment for microservices
# namespace.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: microservices

---
# configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: microservices-config
  namespace: microservices
data:
  NODE_ENV: "production"
  LOG_LEVEL: "info"

---
# secret.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: microservices-secrets
  namespace: microservices
type: Opaque
data:
  mongodb-url: <base64-encoded-url>
  jwt-secret: <base64-encoded-secret>

---
# api-gateway-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: api-gateway
  namespace: microservices
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: api-gateway
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: api-gateway
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: api-gateway
        image: api-gateway:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3000
        envFrom:
        - configMapRef:
            name: microservices-config
        - secretRef:
            name: microservices-secrets
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "256Mi"
            cpu: "250m"
          limits:
            memory: "512Mi"
            cpu: "500m"

---
# api-gateway-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: api-gateway
  namespace: microservices
spec:
  selector:
    app: api-gateway
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 3000
  type: LoadBalancer

---
# ingress.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: microservices-ingress
  namespace: microservices
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /
spec:
  rules:
  - host: microservices.local
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: api-gateway
            port:
              number: 80

Try It Yourself — Microservices & Architecture

Try It Yourself — Microservices & ArchitectureHTML

HTML Editor

✓ ValidTab = 2 spaces

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
  body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; padding: 20px; background: #f5f5f5; }
  .container { background: white; padding: 30px; border-radius: 12px; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); max-width: 600px; margin: auto; }
  h1 { color: #68a063; }
  button { background: #68a063; color: white; border: none; padding: 10px 20px; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px; }
  button:hover { background: #5a8f57; }
  .output { background: #1e1e1e; color: #4ec9b0; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; margin-top: 15px; font-family: monospace; min-height: 40px; white-space: pre-wrap; }
  select, input { padding: 8px 12px; border: 2px solid #ddd; border-radius: 6px; font-size: 14px; margin: 5px; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
  <h1>⚙️ Node.js Module 10 Playground</h1>
  <p>Simulate Node.js server concepts in the browser!</p>
  <select id="method"><option>GET</option><option>POST</option><option>PUT</option><option>DELETE</option></select>
  <input id="endpoint" placeholder="/api/users" value="/api/users" />
  <button onclick="simulateRequest()">Send Request</button>
  <button onclick="clearLog()">Clear</button>
  <div class="output" id="output">Server ready. Send a request...</div>
</div>
<script>
  let logs = [];
  function log(msg) { logs.push(msg); document.getElementById('output').textContent = logs.join('
'); }
  function clearLog() { logs = []; document.getElementById('output').textContent = 'Log cleared.'; }
  function simulateRequest() {
    const method = document.getElementById('method').value;
    const endpoint = document.getElementById('endpoint').value || '/';
    log('[' + new Date().toLocaleTimeString() + '] ' + method + ' ' + endpoint);
    log('Status: 200 OK');
    log('Response: { "success": true, "method": "' + method + '", "path": "' + endpoint + '" }');
    log('---');
  }
</script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
  body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; padding: 20px; background: #f5f5f5; }
  .container { background: white; padding: 30px; border-radius: 12px; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); max-width: 600px; margin: auto; }
  h1 { color: #68a063; }
  button { background: #68a063; color: white; border: none; padding: 10px 20px; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px; }
  button:hover { background: #5a8f57; }
  .output { background: #1e1e1e; color: #4ec9b0; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; margin-top: 15px; font-family: monospace; min-height: 40px; white-space: pre-wrap; }
  select, input { padding: 8px 12px; border: 2px solid #ddd; border-radius: 6px; font-size: 14px; margin: 5px; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
  <h1>⚙️ Node.js Module 10 Playground</h1>
  <p>Simulate Node.js server concepts in the browser!</p>
  <select id="method"><option>GET</option><option>POST</option><option>PUT</option><option>DELETE</option></select>
  <input id="endpoint" placeholder="/api/users" value="/api/users" />
  <button onclick="simulateRequest()">Send Request</button>
  <button onclick="clearLog()">Clear</button>
  <div class="output" id="output">Server ready. Send a request...</div>
</div>
<script>
  let logs = [];
  function log(msg) { logs.push(msg); document.getElementById('output').textContent = logs.join('
'); }
  function clearLog() { logs = []; document.getElementById('output').textContent = 'Log cleared.'; }
  function simulateRequest() {
    const method = document.getElementById('method').value;
    const endpoint = document.getElementById('endpoint').value || '/';
    log('[' + new Date().toLocaleTimeString() + '] ' + method + ' ' + endpoint);
    log('Status: 200 OK');
    log('Response: { "success": true, "method": "' + method + '", "path": "' + endpoint + '" }');
    log('---');
  }
</script>
</body>
</html>

Result

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Edit the code on the left, then click Run

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Quick Quiz — Microservices & Architecture

Next Module →

Kubernetes Orchestration

Docker Compose for Microservices

Docker Compose Configuration

Kubernetes Deployment

Service Mesh with Istio

Monitoring & Observability

Mini-Project: Complete Kubernetes Setup

Try It Yourself — Microservices & Architecture

Quick Quiz — Microservices & Architecture

Additional Resources

Recommended Reading

Online Resources