Kubernetes Orchestration

Learn container orchestration with Docker Compose and Kubernetes for managing microservices deployments. This is a foundational concept in server-side JavaScript development that professional developers rely on daily. The explanations below are written to be beginner-friendly while covering the depth and nuance that comes from real-world Node.js experience. Take your time with each section and practice the examples

90 min•By Priygop Team•Last updated: Feb 2026

Docker Compose for Microservices

Docker Compose allows you to define and run multi-container Docker applications, perfect for local microservices development.. This is an essential concept that every Node.js developer must understand thoroughly. In professional development environments, getting this right can mean the difference between code that works reliably and code that breaks in production. The following sections break this down into clear, digestible pieces with practical examples you can try immediately

Docker Compose Configuration

Example

# docker-compose.yml
version: '3.8'

services:
  # API Gateway
  api-gateway:
    build: ./api-gateway
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - USER_SERVICE_URL=http://user-service:3001
      - PRODUCT_SERVICE_URL=http://product-service:3002
      - ORDER_SERVICE_URL=http://order-service:3003
    depends_on:
      - user-service
      - product-service
      - order-service
    networks:
      - microservices

  # User Service
  user-service:
    build: ./user-service
    ports:
      - "3001:3001"
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - MONGODB_URL=mongodb://mongo:27017/users
    depends_on:
      - mongo
    networks:
      - microservices

  # Product Service
  product-service:
    build: ./product-service
    ports:
      - "3002:3002"
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - MONGODB_URL=mongodb://mongo:27017/products
    depends_on:
      - mongo
    networks:
      - microservices

  # Order Service
  order-service:
    build: ./order-service
    ports:
      - "3003:3003"
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - MONGODB_URL=mongodb://mongo:27017/orders
      - RABBITMQ_URL=amqp://rabbitmq:5672
    depends_on:
      - mongo
      - rabbitmq
    networks:
      - microservices

  # Database
  mongo:
    image: mongo:5.0
    ports:
      - "27017:27017"
    volumes:
      - mongo_data:/data/db
    networks:
      - microservices

  # Message Queue
  rabbitmq:
    image: rabbitmq:3-management
    ports:
      - "5672:5672"
      - "15672:15672"
    environment:
      - RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=admin
      - RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=admin
    volumes:
      - rabbitmq_data:/var/lib/rabbitmq
    networks:
      - microservices

  # Redis for caching
  redis:
    image: redis:6-alpine
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
    volumes:
      - redis_data:/data
    networks:
      - microservices

volumes:
  mongo_data:
  rabbitmq_data:
  redis_data:

networks:
  microservices:
    driver: bridge

Kubernetes Deployment

Example

# user-service-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: user-service
  labels:
    app: user-service
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: user-service
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: user-service
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: user-service
        image: user-service:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3001
        env:
        - name: NODE_ENV
          value: "production"
        - name: MONGODB_URL
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: mongodb-secret
              key: url
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "256Mi"
            cpu: "250m"
          limits:
            memory: "512Mi"
            cpu: "500m"
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 3001
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          periodSeconds: 10
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 3001
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          periodSeconds: 5

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: user-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: user-service
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
    port: 80
    targetPort: 3001
  type: ClusterIP

Service Mesh with Istio

Example

# istio-gateway.yaml
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: microservices-gateway
spec:
  selector:
    istio: ingressgateway
  servers:
  - port:
      number: 80
      name: http
      protocol: HTTP
    hosts:
    - "microservices.local"

---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: microservices-routes
spec:
  hosts:
  - "microservices.local"
  gateways:
  - microservices-gateway
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/users
    route:
    - destination:
        host: user-service
        port:
          number: 80
  - match:
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: product-service
        port:
          number: 80

Monitoring & Observability

Example

# prometheus-config.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-config
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    global:
      scrape_interval: 15s
    scrape_configs:
    - job_name: 'microservices'
      static_configs:
      - targets: ['user-service:3001', 'product-service:3002', 'order-service:3003']
      metrics_path: /metrics
      scrape_interval: 5s

Mini-Project: Complete Kubernetes Setup

Example

# Complete Kubernetes deployment for microservices
# namespace.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: microservices

---
# configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: microservices-config
  namespace: microservices
data:
  NODE_ENV: "production"
  LOG_LEVEL: "info"

---
# secret.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: microservices-secrets
  namespace: microservices
type: Opaque
data:
  mongodb-url: <base64-encoded-url>
  jwt-secret: <base64-encoded-secret>

---
# api-gateway-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: api-gateway
  namespace: microservices
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: api-gateway
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: api-gateway
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: api-gateway
        image: api-gateway:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3000
        envFrom:
        - configMapRef:
            name: microservices-config
        - secretRef:
            name: microservices-secrets
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "256Mi"
            cpu: "250m"
          limits:
            memory: "512Mi"
            cpu: "500m"

---
# api-gateway-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: api-gateway
  namespace: microservices
spec:
  selector:
    app: api-gateway
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 3000
  type: LoadBalancer

---
# ingress.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: microservices-ingress
  namespace: microservices
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /
spec:
  rules:
  - host: microservices.local
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: api-gateway
            port:
              number: 80

Try It Yourself — Microservices & Architecture

Try It Yourself — Microservices & ArchitectureHTML

HTML Editor

✓ ValidTab = 2 spaces

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
  body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; padding: 20px; background: #f5f5f5; }
  .container { background: white; padding: 30px; border-radius: 12px; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); max-width: 600px; margin: auto; }
  h1 { color: #68a063; }
  button { background: #68a063; color: white; border: none; padding: 10px 20px; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px; }
  button:hover { background: #5a8f57; }
  .output { background: #1e1e1e; color: #4ec9b0; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; margin-top: 15px; font-family: monospace; min-height: 40px; white-space: pre-wrap; }
  select, input { padding: 8px 12px; border: 2px solid #ddd; border-radius: 6px; font-size: 14px; margin: 5px; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
  <h1>⚙️ Node.js Module 10 Playground</h1>
  <p>Simulate Node.js server concepts in the browser!</p>
  <select id="method"><option>GET</option><option>POST</option><option>PUT</option><option>DELETE</option></select>
  <input id="endpoint" placeholder="/api/users" value="/api/users" />
  <button onclick="simulateRequest()">Send Request</button>
  <button onclick="clearLog()">Clear</button>
  <div class="output" id="output">Server ready. Send a request...</div>
</div>
<script>
  let logs = [];
  function log(msg) { logs.push(msg); document.getElementById('output').textContent = logs.join('
'); }
  function clearLog() { logs = []; document.getElementById('output').textContent = 'Log cleared.'; }
  function simulateRequest() {
    const method = document.getElementById('method').value;
    const endpoint = document.getElementById('endpoint').value || '/';
    log('[' + new Date().toLocaleTimeString() + '] ' + method + ' ' + endpoint);
    log('Status: 200 OK');
    log('Response: { "success": true, "method": "' + method + '", "path": "' + endpoint + '" }');
    log('---');
  }
</script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
  body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; padding: 20px; background: #f5f5f5; }
  .container { background: white; padding: 30px; border-radius: 12px; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); max-width: 600px; margin: auto; }
  h1 { color: #68a063; }
  button { background: #68a063; color: white; border: none; padding: 10px 20px; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px; }
  button:hover { background: #5a8f57; }
  .output { background: #1e1e1e; color: #4ec9b0; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; margin-top: 15px; font-family: monospace; min-height: 40px; white-space: pre-wrap; }
  select, input { padding: 8px 12px; border: 2px solid #ddd; border-radius: 6px; font-size: 14px; margin: 5px; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
  <h1>⚙️ Node.js Module 10 Playground</h1>
  <p>Simulate Node.js server concepts in the browser!</p>
  <select id="method"><option>GET</option><option>POST</option><option>PUT</option><option>DELETE</option></select>
  <input id="endpoint" placeholder="/api/users" value="/api/users" />
  <button onclick="simulateRequest()">Send Request</button>
  <button onclick="clearLog()">Clear</button>
  <div class="output" id="output">Server ready. Send a request...</div>
</div>
<script>
  let logs = [];
  function log(msg) { logs.push(msg); document.getElementById('output').textContent = logs.join('
'); }
  function clearLog() { logs = []; document.getElementById('output').textContent = 'Log cleared.'; }
  function simulateRequest() {
    const method = document.getElementById('method').value;
    const endpoint = document.getElementById('endpoint').value || '/';
    log('[' + new Date().toLocaleTimeString() + '] ' + method + ' ' + endpoint);
    log('Status: 200 OK');
    log('Response: { "success": true, "method": "' + method + '", "path": "' + endpoint + '" }');
    log('---');
  }
</script>
</body>
</html>

Result

Click ▶ Run to see the result

Edit the code on the left, then click Run

HTML|39 lines|1939 chars|✓ Valid syntax

UTF-8

Quick Quiz — Microservices & Architecture

Next Module →

Kubernetes Orchestration

90 min•By Priygop Team•Last updated: Feb 2026

Docker Compose for Microservices

Docker Compose Configuration

Example

# docker-compose.yml
version: '3.8'

services:
  # API Gateway
  api-gateway:
    build: ./api-gateway
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - USER_SERVICE_URL=http://user-service:3001
      - PRODUCT_SERVICE_URL=http://product-service:3002
      - ORDER_SERVICE_URL=http://order-service:3003
    depends_on:
      - user-service
      - product-service
      - order-service
    networks:
      - microservices

  # User Service
  user-service:
    build: ./user-service
    ports:
      - "3001:3001"
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - MONGODB_URL=mongodb://mongo:27017/users
    depends_on:
      - mongo
    networks:
      - microservices

  # Product Service
  product-service:
    build: ./product-service
    ports:
      - "3002:3002"
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - MONGODB_URL=mongodb://mongo:27017/products
    depends_on:
      - mongo
    networks:
      - microservices

  # Order Service
  order-service:
    build: ./order-service
    ports:
      - "3003:3003"
    environment:
      - NODE_ENV=production
      - MONGODB_URL=mongodb://mongo:27017/orders
      - RABBITMQ_URL=amqp://rabbitmq:5672
    depends_on:
      - mongo
      - rabbitmq
    networks:
      - microservices

  # Database
  mongo:
    image: mongo:5.0
    ports:
      - "27017:27017"
    volumes:
      - mongo_data:/data/db
    networks:
      - microservices

  # Message Queue
  rabbitmq:
    image: rabbitmq:3-management
    ports:
      - "5672:5672"
      - "15672:15672"
    environment:
      - RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=admin
      - RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=admin
    volumes:
      - rabbitmq_data:/var/lib/rabbitmq
    networks:
      - microservices

  # Redis for caching
  redis:
    image: redis:6-alpine
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
    volumes:
      - redis_data:/data
    networks:
      - microservices

volumes:
  mongo_data:
  rabbitmq_data:
  redis_data:

networks:
  microservices:
    driver: bridge

Kubernetes Deployment

Example

# user-service-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: user-service
  labels:
    app: user-service
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: user-service
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: user-service
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: user-service
        image: user-service:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3001
        env:
        - name: NODE_ENV
          value: "production"
        - name: MONGODB_URL
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: mongodb-secret
              key: url
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "256Mi"
            cpu: "250m"
          limits:
            memory: "512Mi"
            cpu: "500m"
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 3001
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          periodSeconds: 10
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 3001
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          periodSeconds: 5

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: user-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: user-service
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
    port: 80
    targetPort: 3001
  type: ClusterIP

Service Mesh with Istio

Example

# istio-gateway.yaml
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
  name: microservices-gateway
spec:
  selector:
    istio: ingressgateway
  servers:
  - port:
      number: 80
      name: http
      protocol: HTTP
    hosts:
    - "microservices.local"

---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: microservices-routes
spec:
  hosts:
  - "microservices.local"
  gateways:
  - microservices-gateway
  http:
  - match:
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/users
    route:
    - destination:
        host: user-service
        port:
          number: 80
  - match:
    - uri:
        prefix: /api/products
    route:
    - destination:
        host: product-service
        port:
          number: 80

Monitoring & Observability

Example

# prometheus-config.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: prometheus-config
data:
  prometheus.yml: |
    global:
      scrape_interval: 15s
    scrape_configs:
    - job_name: 'microservices'
      static_configs:
      - targets: ['user-service:3001', 'product-service:3002', 'order-service:3003']
      metrics_path: /metrics
      scrape_interval: 5s

Mini-Project: Complete Kubernetes Setup

Example

# Complete Kubernetes deployment for microservices
# namespace.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: microservices

---
# configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: microservices-config
  namespace: microservices
data:
  NODE_ENV: "production"
  LOG_LEVEL: "info"

---
# secret.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: microservices-secrets
  namespace: microservices
type: Opaque
data:
  mongodb-url: <base64-encoded-url>
  jwt-secret: <base64-encoded-secret>

---
# api-gateway-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: api-gateway
  namespace: microservices
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: api-gateway
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: api-gateway
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: api-gateway
        image: api-gateway:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3000
        envFrom:
        - configMapRef:
            name: microservices-config
        - secretRef:
            name: microservices-secrets
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "256Mi"
            cpu: "250m"
          limits:
            memory: "512Mi"
            cpu: "500m"

---
# api-gateway-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: api-gateway
  namespace: microservices
spec:
  selector:
    app: api-gateway
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 3000
  type: LoadBalancer

---
# ingress.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: microservices-ingress
  namespace: microservices
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /
spec:
  rules:
  - host: microservices.local
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: api-gateway
            port:
              number: 80

Try It Yourself — Microservices & Architecture

Try It Yourself — Microservices & ArchitectureHTML

HTML Editor

✓ ValidTab = 2 spaces

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
  body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; padding: 20px; background: #f5f5f5; }
  .container { background: white; padding: 30px; border-radius: 12px; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); max-width: 600px; margin: auto; }
  h1 { color: #68a063; }
  button { background: #68a063; color: white; border: none; padding: 10px 20px; border-radius: 6px; font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; font-size: 16px; margin: 5px; }
  button:hover { background: #5a8f57; }
  .output { background: #1e1e1e; color: #4ec9b0; padding: 15px; border-radius: 8px; margin-top: 15px; font-family: monospace; min-height: 40px; white-space: pre-wrap; }
  select, input { padding: 8px 12px; border: 2px solid #ddd; border-radius: 6px; font-size: 14px; margin: 5px; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
  <h1>⚙️ Node.js Module 10 Playground</h1>
  <p>Simulate Node.js server concepts in the browser!</p>
  <select id="method"><option>GET</option><option>POST</option><option>PUT</option><option>DELETE</option></select>
  <input id="endpoint" placeholder="/api/users" value="/api/users" />
  <button onclick="simulateRequest()">Send Request</button>
  <button onclick="clearLog()">Clear</button>
  <div class="output" id="output">Server ready. Send a request...</div>
</div>
<script>
  let logs = [];
  function log(msg) { logs.push(msg); document.getElementById('output').textContent = logs.join('
'); }
  function clearLog() { logs = []; document.getElementById('output').textContent = 'Log cleared.'; }
  function simulateRequest() {
    const method = document.getElementById('method').value;
    const endpoint = document.getElementById('endpoint').value || '/';
    log('[' + new Date().toLocaleTimeString() + '] ' + method + ' ' + endpoint);
    log('Status: 200 OK');
    log('Response: { "success": true, "method": "' + method + '", "path": "' + endpoint + '" }');
    log('---');
  }
</script>
</body>
</html>

Result

Click ▶ Run to see the result

Edit the code on the left, then click Run

HTML|39 lines|1939 chars|✓ Valid syntax

UTF-8

Quick Quiz — Microservices & Architecture

Next Module →

Kubernetes Orchestration

Docker Compose for Microservices

Docker Compose Configuration

Kubernetes Deployment

Service Mesh with Istio

Monitoring & Observability

Mini-Project: Complete Kubernetes Setup

Try It Yourself — Microservices & Architecture

Quick Quiz — Microservices & Architecture

Topics in This Module

Kubernetes Orchestration

Docker Compose for Microservices

Docker Compose Configuration

Kubernetes Deployment

Service Mesh with Istio

Monitoring & Observability

Mini-Project: Complete Kubernetes Setup

Try It Yourself — Microservices & Architecture

Quick Quiz — Microservices & Architecture

Topics in This Module