Course/Module 4/Topic 1 of 3Intermediate

Functions & Generics - Concepts

Explore the key concepts of functions & generics with practical examples and exercises.

45 min•By Priygop Team•Last updated: Feb 2026

Introduction to Functions & Generics

In this section, we cover the fundamental aspects of functions & generics. You'll learn core concepts, see real-world examples, and understand how to apply them in your projects.

Key Concepts

Understanding the core principles of functions & generics
Practical applications and real-world use cases
Step-by-step implementation guides
Common patterns and best practices
Tips for debugging and troubleshooting
Performance optimization techniques

Functions & Generics - Code Example

Example

// Generic Function
function identity<T>(value: T): T {
  return value;
}
const num = identity<number>(42);
const str = identity("hello"); // Type inferred

// Generic with Constraints
interface HasLength { length: number; }
function logLength<T extends HasLength>(item: T): void {
  console.log(`Length: ${item.length}`);
}
logLength("hello");  // string has length
logLength([1, 2, 3]); // array has length

// Function Overloads
function format(value: string): string;
function format(value: number): string;
function format(value: string | number): string {
  return `Formatted: ${value}`;
}

Try It Yourself: Functions & Generics

Try It Yourself: Functions & GenericsJavaScript⚠ 1 error

⚠ Syntax Issues (1)

Line 1: JS Error: Unexpected token '<'

💡 Missing or extra {}()[] or operator near the error.

JavaScript Editor

✕ 1 errorTab = 2 spaces

// Create a generic Stack class
class Stack<T> {
  private items: T[] = [];
  
  push(item: T): void { this.items.push(item); }
  pop(): T | undefined { return this.items.pop(); }
  peek(): T | undefined { return this.items[this.items.length - 1]; }
  get size(): number { return this.items.length; }
}

const numberStack = new Stack<number>();
numberStack.push(10);
numberStack.push(20);
console.log("Top:", numberStack.peek());
console.log("Size:", numberStack.size);

Result

Click ▶ Run to see the result

Edit the code on the left, then click Run

JavaScript|15 lines|469 chars|1 error, 0 warnings

UTF-8

Quick Quiz: Functions & Generics

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