Inheritance

# Parent class
class Animal:
    def __init__(self, name, sound):
        self.name = name
        self.sound = sound
    
    def speak(self):
        return f"{self.name} says {self.sound}!"
    
    def info(self):
        return f"{self.name} is an animal"

# Child classes
class Dog(Animal):
    def __init__(self, name, breed):
        super().__init__(name, "Woof")
        self.breed = breed
    
    def fetch(self):
        return f"{self.name} fetches the ball!"

class Cat(Animal):
    def __init__(self, name, indoor=True):
        super().__init__(name, "Meow")
        self.indoor = indoor

# Usage
dog = Dog("Rex", "Labrador")
cat = Cat("Whiskers")

print(dog.speak())    # Rex says Woof!
print(dog.fetch())    # Rex fetches the ball!
print(dog.info())     # Rex is an animal
print(cat.speak())    # Whiskers says Meow!

# Check inheritance
print(isinstance(dog, Dog))     # True
print(isinstance(dog, Animal))  # True
print(issubclass(Dog, Animal))  # True

# Multiple inheritance
class FlyingFish(Animal):
    def fly(self):
        return f"{self.name} can fly!"
    def swim(self):
        return f"{self.name} can swim!"

ff = FlyingFish("Nemo", "Splash")
print(ff.fly(), ff.swim())