Handling Multiple Exceptions

# Catch multiple exceptions separately
def process_data(data):
    try:
        value = int(data)
        result = 100 / value
        items = [1, 2, 3]
        return items[value]
    except ValueError:
        return "Not a number"
    except ZeroDivisionError:
        return "Cannot divide by zero"
    except IndexError:
        return "Index out of range"
    except Exception as e:
        return f"Unexpected: {e}"

print(process_data("hello"))   # Not a number
print(process_data("0"))       # Cannot divide by zero
print(process_data("10"))      # Index out of range
print(process_data("2"))       # 3 (items[2])

# Group exceptions
try:
    result = int("abc") / 0
except (ValueError, ZeroDivisionError) as e:
    print(f"Math error: {e}")

# Re-raising exceptions
def validate(value):
    try:
        if value < 0:
            raise ValueError("Negative!")
    except ValueError:
        print("Logging the error...")
        raise  # re-raise the same exception

try:
    validate(-5)
except ValueError as e:
    print(f"Caught: {e}")